United States's role in outsourcing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Joined States's job in redistributing - Essay Example Redistributing presents both immediate and circuitous favorable circumstances and hindrances. A few ominous conditions in the nation cause American organizations to redistribute outside representatives and abroad areas. This paper investigates United States job in re-appropriating and its effect. The current U.S. corporate expense code urges organizations to move their activities to outside areas. It brings about the offshoring of occupations that could at present be situated in the United States. The legislature denounces the redistributing of occupations out of the nation by U.S. worldwide partnerships since it neglects to settle gives the work emergency in the nation. Also, re-appropriating debilitates the U.S. seriousness in the global economy. The administration attempts to draw in global organizations in the nation through assessment motivations and detailing of strategies that give a great workplace. An expansion in charges for worldwide business triggers a mass migration of business, ventures, and work openings (Wolverson 1). Multinationals regularly move to low-burden nations in which they can boost their benefits. Usually alluded to as ‘tax havens’, such nations offer little corporate expense rates to convince global partnerships to move pay abroad. Creation and work costs are a reason for redistributing. Different nations offer less expensive wellsprings of work when contrasted with American specialists who request high wages. China, for instance, has an unmatched huge and solid work base that acknowledges lower pays. While joblessness is wild in the U.S., it is more terrible in creating nations, for example, China, Singapore and Malaysia (Wolverson 1). As organizations re-appropriate to China, Americans stay jobless as a result of constrained openings for work at home. The organizations advantage since they lessen their capital and working expenses. Deplorably, the nation loses its efficiency and seriousness in the worldwide economy. Re-appropriating

Presidential Pets of the Past

Presidential Pets of the Past Creature sweethearts enjoy that experience when a pet approaches welcome them toward the finish of the distressing day. Scarcely any occupations are most likely more unpleasant than the U.S. presidents position. That is the reason it is no amazing that presidents and their families have consistently been enamored with creatures. Canines appear to be preferred choice, however animals from mice to crocodiles have likewise been presidential pets in the White House. Rundown of Presidential Pets George W. Shrub President George W. Shrub conveys Barney toward the South Portico of the White House Monday, Sept. 3, 2001, in the wake of landing Marine One. Photograph by Tina Hager, Courtesy of the George W. Bramble Presidential Library â€Å"Barney was close by during our eight years in the White House. He never talked about governmental issues and was consistently a dedicated friend.† President Bush recalled his little companion with these words when he kicked the bucket of lymphoma in 2013 at 12 years old. Barney, a Scottish terrier, was a blessing to George W. Shrub after the 2000 presidential political decision. He was consistently respectful and jumped at the chance to welcome leaders, sovereigns and heads of state in the White House. Barney was even a media star, he had his own site where his fans could watch recordings from the pooches point of view about visiting VIPs and White House staff. â€Å"Barney and I appreciated the outdoors,† Bush said. â€Å"His most loved action was pursuing golf balls.† However, Barney could likewise lose his temper. When he bit the Reuters correspondent and the Bostons Celtics advertising executive. Among other presidential pets were a Scottish terrier Miss Beazley, an English springler spaniel Spot, a feline India, and a longhorn cow Ofelia. Bill Clinton Socks, a high contrast lost feline, turned into a presidential pet in 1991 when he bounced into the arms of Chelsea Clinton. When the Clinton family took the feline, he occurred in the Americas heart. He was a subject of a well known TV parody, Murphy Brown, an animation book and a melody, he showed up with the President on a progression of stamps in the Central African Republic. Socks was mainstream to the point, that a Clinton family even requested that the picture takers leave this poor feline. In 1997 a Labrador retriever Buddy joined the presidential family however Socks wasnt a fanatic of another canine. Hillary Clinton said that Socks â€Å"despised Buddy from first sight, in a split second and forever.† At the point when Socks passed on in 2009, Bill Clinton conceded: â€Å"Socks carried a lot of joy to Chelsea and us throughout the years, and happiness to children and feline sweethearts all over the place. We’re thankful for those memories† George H.W. Shrub Millie is among the most remarkable pets in the White House. The English springer spaniel â€Å"wrote† Millies Book: As Dictated to Barbara Bush that portrays a day in her life at the White House. In 1992 it was at the highest point of the New York Times success list. Millie was delineated in a few TV appears, including Whos the Boss and Murphy Brown. She even showed up in the scene of The Simpsons. The 15-section of land Millie Bush Bark Park on the west side of Houston is named after her. Millie took dynamic part in re-appointment. â€Å"My hound Millie find out about outside undertakings than these two bozos,† Bush asserted, referencing his rivals Al Gore and Bill Clinton. Millie was even a mother of two other presidential pets: Ranger and Spot. She kicked the bucket at the age 12 of pneumonia. Ronald Reagan  Fortunate, an enormous dark canine, was said to â€Å"to be a size of a horse. † And not for reason. His variety Bouvier des Flandres began in Belgium for the motivations behind pulling trucks and crowding pot. Bouviers are referred to as courageous pooches valuable as both family companions and gatekeeper hounds. They require a great deal of space to practice and meander about, and the Reagans before long found that out. Fortunate was named in the respect of Mrs. Reagans mother, Edith Luckett (â€Å"Lucky†) Davis. A little â€Å"ball of fluff,† a nine-year-old pup, transformed into a huge pooch just in a while. Fortunate delighted in running in the lobbies of the White House. Be that as it may, in spite of the endeavors at preparing, she didnt truly change in accordance with live there. That is the reason the president and his family chose to send her to their farm in California in 1985. She passed on at 10 years old in January 5, 1995. Ronald Reagan had a couple of different mutts: Rex, Cavalier King Charles spaniel; Victory, brilliant retriever; Peggy, Irish setter; Taca, Siberian imposing; and Fuzzy, Belgian sheepdog. Jimmy Carter At the point when Jimmy Carter and his family moved into the White House, they didnt take no pets along. Corn meal showed up at the White House on June 8, 1977. The pooch was named to pay tribute to the Carters family Southern roots. An attractive fringe collie blend was a present to Carters little girl Amy from her teacher, Verona Meeder. Guests conceded that Amy â€Å"sure adores that dog.† She delighted in petting Grits on the means of the White House. In any case, the Carters chose to restore the canine to the Amys instructor. A few sources report that one reason was that a pooch had conduct issues. In addition, Grits didnt coexist with the Carters feline, Misty Malarky Ying Yang. However, it likewise might be on the grounds that Amys educator lost her own pooch, and the young lady needed to facilitate the bitterness. Gerald Ford The Fords have consistently been partial to hounds. Some time before they moved to White House, they had brilliant retrievers. Their little girl, Susan, asked their family companion †a picture taker David Kennerly to assist them with getting another pooch. Kennerly reached a reproducer about a little dog. Susan shocked her dad with a charming canine she called Liberty. Freedom became celebrated when Gerald Ford and his significant other chose to raise her with a brilliant retriever. The press became insane when Liberty brought forth nine charming little dogs. Mrs. Portage didnt let them to be shot before they were 2 months old. The photographs were made by Kennerly and was popular just as little dogs themselves. Freedom passed on at the age 11 out of 1986. The Fords additionally had a Siamese feline Shan and a pooch Lucky.  Richard Nixon Checkers is likely the most celebrated applicant in the rundown of presidential pets. Nixons cocker spaniel never lived in the White House, yet he turned into a VIP when Sinator Nixon referenced him in his discourse in 1952. It became to be known as the Checkers discourse when the lawmaker just because utilized TV to speak to the voters. Nixon adored Checkers a great deal. He generally had hounds bread rolls in his work area and appreciated watching him to play. The cocker spaniel lived with Nixon until he kicked the bucket in 1964 at the age of 13, four years before Nixon was chosen a president. Three different mutts lived with Nixon in the White House: poodle Vicky, terrier Pasha and Irish setter King Timahoe.  Lyndon B. Johnson Lyndon B. Johnson cherished mutts and they adored him a ton. The presidents beagles, Him and Her, became VIPs when the Life magazine distributed a photograph depicting how Johnson was cresting up the mutts ears. Many calls and letters originated from the pooch sweethearts. They composed â€Å"If somebody got you by the ears, you’d howl, too.† Notwithstanding, hounds appeared to like that a great deal. They were dealt with quite well and appreciated swimming in the White House pool and riding along in the presidents vehicle. Unfortunately, both Him and Her kicked the bucket at a youthful age. Him was hit by a vehicle when he was pursuing the squirrels in 1966, and Her kicked the bucket subsequent to gulping a stone in 1964. After Him and Her passed on, Lyndon B. Johnson had two different mutts †collie Blanco and a blended variety hound Yuki. John F. Kennedy Charlie was a Welsh terrier the Kennedy family carried with them when they moved into the White House. Kennedy cherished creatures regardless of his hypersensitivity to creature hair and needed his youngsters to have understanding of dealing with them. Jackie Kennedy offered Charlie to her better half as a blessing during Kennedys battle for president and he turned into a piece of their family. Be that as it may, John F. Kennedy didnt like one Charlies propensity: He adored just to get a stick. He generally brought the stick and drop it on the lap. The First Couple delighted in strolling outside the entryways of the White House and playing with Charlie. They took after two understudies taking a pooch for a walk. They looked so happy,† told their child Bryant. Among different Kennedys pets were ponnies, hamsters, a feline, a bunny, a pony, a canary, and seven canines of various varieties. Dwight D. Eisenhower Heidi is presumably the main canine restricted from the White House. A wonderful female Weimaraner was conceived on the ninth of May, 1955. She had a mishap on the costly floor covering in the conciliatory banquet hall. Its expense was about $20,000 around then. On account of the Heidis feeble bladder, the Eisenhowers chose to send her to their homestead in Pennsylvania. Heidi was defensive of her proprietors. She was careful about photographic artists and consistently attempted to keep the First Lady from having her image taken. Heidi just hopped between the Mamie Eisenhower and the camera. Weimaraners are extraordinary family hounds, known for their chasing capacities and dependability. Heidi got a kick out of the chance to rest in the bin on the third floor and run in the White House. During the day, she snoozed in the presidents private office where Eisenhower gave her head scratches. After she left Washington she had four pups and appreciated life on the homestead.

Slave to the Ribbon 4 Tough Questions in Software Design

Slave to the Ribbon 4 Tough Questions in Software Design At MeisterLabs, we did our first usability test last year on our mind mapping product, MindMeister.     As a team that focuses on designing attractive and easy-to-use software, the test was an eye-opening experience. It forced us to think long and hard about our software design philosophy and presented  four  tough questions  that SaaS designers have to answer, one way or another: 1.  Where Do You Land on the Snapchat-Word Continuum? Part of the usability test involved eye-tracking software that allowed us to see what parts of the interface people were looking at. Despite all the innovations in software design and UX that weve seen over the last years, it quickly became apparent that when people get stuck in software, they invariably look up. As in: they are checking the place where Microsoft Word or Outlook typically have a big multi-tab collection of text elements, icons and random drop down menus, also known as The Ribbon. This, of course, means every software designer needs to make a choice about where they want to position themselves, choosing to be either: on the Snapchat end of the continuum, where users are supposed to figure things out and need to remember the secret combos that unlock certain pages and functionalities or, on  the Microsoft end of things, where elements are expectedly found at the top of the interface.   Affordances and signifiers In the more scientific terms of Don Normans classic The Design of Everyday Things, this is the battle between affordances (the implicit qualities of a product that allow it to be used) and the signifiers (the interface elements that inform the user explicitly where they can push, pull, click or dial). The door at the end of the corridor with a metal panel to push has affordances. If the panel has Push here imprinted on it, this would be its signifier. Industrial designers have decades of experience in frustrating users by hiding signifiers because they find minimalism more beautiful. The result is that you cant find the light switch (hidden in the wallpaper), cant open the kitchen cabinet (you have to push the edge, not pull), or you cant get water from the tap (you have to wave at the tap in exactly the right spot).   Flat software design and intuition In software design, were evolving in the same direction. Quora user Ivan Braun recently made a good case about the arrival of flat design, and how it ruined the accessibility of the web. Yes, flat design makes software prettier, but it also leaves less room for signifiers, like the glass edge that showed you which buttons were clickable in iOS. The consequence is that today, you have to just know which buttons in iOS are clickable and which ones arent: Image from Ivan Brauns Quora article While I agree that flat design can make software a bit more challenging to use, I’m convinced that software design needs to err on the side of innovation and minimalism. This means our industry is better off following the lead of bold companies like Snapchat or Apple. Ditching the iPhone  headphone jack, for example, will be uncomfortable for a while. But it will be replaced by something simpler and leaner, forcing other companies to follow suit. Discover collaborative mind mappingTake your creativity to the next level. 2. How Does Your Interface Grow with the User? Then there’s the opposite problem: how do you avoid a software design that is too simple for advanced users? It’s quite clear that your software needs to be easy to understand for beginners. In the app industry, we know that 84% of users wont return to an app  for a third try if the first two experiences were glitchy or unsuccessful. In order to retain users, you have to nail that first experience. But new users will quickly become more sophisticated and  want to do more. Weve found that our MindMeister users soon want to embellish their mind maps, by: adding images presenting their content to others sharing their content online creating links between their content. Maybe they like your software so much that theyll find use cases that push your interface to its very limits. This is a good problem to have, no doubt, but still a challenge we need to solve. It also presents  probably the hardest question for a software designer: How can I design software that meets the user with functionality at exactly the right moment in their customer journey? This remains one of the biggest challenges for me personally: when you’re working on an app for more than a decade, the temptation can arise to complicate things â€" and potentially  overcomplicate them. Advanced Mode isnt the answer One thing I do know is that software with different modes or states, like the “Advanced” or “Editing Mode” that you find in some apps, are not the answer. In my previous job, I had to help users with software systems. My first question was always: Please tell me what mode your system is in? People never knew the answer to that â€" they always needed to search for the answer at length, guided by more probing questions from me. We launched MindMeister in 2006 and haven’t stopped  perfecting our interface ever since. Weve tried it all â€" the bare bones look at the beginning to the hyper-gloss phase a few years back.   A design draft of MindMeister for iOS on iPad Of course, now, we want to make the tool as streamlined as possible, for both our web and mobile apps, and we’re going back to basics by focusing on our users’ content. 3. What is the Reward? This is one question that you need to be able to answer clearly whether you launched your product yesterday or youve been on the market for ten years. In his bestselling book Hooked, entrepreneur and design expert Nir Eyal tries to explain how some companies create products that you just can’t put down. The golden standard are of course products like Facebook, which  studies have proven our brain wants to check every 31 seconds. What is it that makes you fall in love with these products? One of the main attractions of truly “habit-forming” products, Eyal concludes, is that they reward the actions they trigger. Rewards can be anything. The only thing really required is that your user experiences a small, almost imperceptible boost of satisfaction. Imagine the feeling you get when you finish assembling a piece of IKEA furniture. For example, Eyal  points out that LinkedIn provides users with reward when they input more details about themselves into the professional networking platform. A graphic pops up that illustrates how close to complete your profile is, building incentive in users to finish what they’ve started. When you’ve provided enough information, LinkedIn lets you know that your profile has reached “All-Star” status. Eyal says that the graphic increases the likelihood of users opening a premium account and thus launching into the investment phase.   Knowing your products reward will allow you to reduce the time your user needs to get that very first boost and reducing your time to wow will increase the likelihood of bringing the user back a second time. 4. Are You Future Proof? Finally, theres the question: How will we survive the onslaught of new technologies that launch every day? Augmented reality, virtual reality, artificial intelligence (the list goes on …) will change how users interact with content: they’ll be able to verbally access information (no more UI required!) and experience it in 3D (UI everywhere around you!). One main difference will be that the workspace will include the entire field of vision rather than a 24-inch slice of it. But that will probably be compensated partly by the fact that hand gestures aren’t as granular as the pointer of a mouse. MeisterTasks Project Dashboard And at the same time, the fundamentals will remain. We follow the 98 percent rule â€" in any productivity tool, about 98 percent of the UI should be reserved for the user’s content. This principle is at the core of MindMeister and will be even more so in our upcoming redesign   as well as the design of our second product, MeisterTask. In both cases, stuffing the entire field of vision with possible action buttons will be just as confusing as offering a nine-tab ribbon with 25 clickable items per tab. The more things change, the more they stay the same. Discover intuitive task management Sign-Up Save 30% Free to try Sign-Up Save 30%

Slave to the Ribbon 4 Tough Questions in Software Design

Slave to the Ribbon 4 Tough Questions in Software Design At MeisterLabs, we did our first usability test last year on our mind mapping product, MindMeister.     As a team that focuses on designing attractive and easy-to-use software, the test was an eye-opening experience. It forced us to think long and hard about our software design philosophy and presented  four  tough questions  that SaaS designers have to answer, one way or another: 1.  Where Do You Land on the Snapchat-Word Continuum? Part of the usability test involved eye-tracking software that allowed us to see what parts of the interface people were looking at. Despite all the innovations in software design and UX that weve seen over the last years, it quickly became apparent that when people get stuck in software, they invariably look up. As in: they are checking the place where Microsoft Word or Outlook typically have a big multi-tab collection of text elements, icons and random drop down menus, also known as The Ribbon. This, of course, means every software designer needs to make a choice about where they want to position themselves, choosing to be either: on the Snapchat end of the continuum, where users are supposed to figure things out and need to remember the secret combos that unlock certain pages and functionalities or, on  the Microsoft end of things, where elements are expectedly found at the top of the interface.   Affordances and signifiers In the more scientific terms of Don Normans classic The Design of Everyday Things, this is the battle between affordances (the implicit qualities of a product that allow it to be used) and the signifiers (the interface elements that inform the user explicitly where they can push, pull, click or dial). The door at the end of the corridor with a metal panel to push has affordances. If the panel has Push here imprinted on it, this would be its signifier. Industrial designers have decades of experience in frustrating users by hiding signifiers because they find minimalism more beautiful. The result is that you cant find the light switch (hidden in the wallpaper), cant open the kitchen cabinet (you have to push the edge, not pull), or you cant get water from the tap (you have to wave at the tap in exactly the right spot).   Flat software design and intuition In software design, were evolving in the same direction. Quora user Ivan Braun recently made a good case about the arrival of flat design, and how it ruined the accessibility of the web. Yes, flat design makes software prettier, but it also leaves less room for signifiers, like the glass edge that showed you which buttons were clickable in iOS. The consequence is that today, you have to just know which buttons in iOS are clickable and which ones arent: Image from Ivan Brauns Quora article While I agree that flat design can make software a bit more challenging to use, I’m convinced that software design needs to err on the side of innovation and minimalism. This means our industry is better off following the lead of bold companies like Snapchat or Apple. Ditching the iPhone  headphone jack, for example, will be uncomfortable for a while. But it will be replaced by something simpler and leaner, forcing other companies to follow suit. Discover collaborative mind mappingTake your creativity to the next level. 2. How Does Your Interface Grow with the User? Then there’s the opposite problem: how do you avoid a software design that is too simple for advanced users? It’s quite clear that your software needs to be easy to understand for beginners. In the app industry, we know that 84% of users wont return to an app  for a third try if the first two experiences were glitchy or unsuccessful. In order to retain users, you have to nail that first experience. But new users will quickly become more sophisticated and  want to do more. Weve found that our MindMeister users soon want to embellish their mind maps, by: adding images presenting their content to others sharing their content online creating links between their content. Maybe they like your software so much that theyll find use cases that push your interface to its very limits. This is a good problem to have, no doubt, but still a challenge we need to solve. It also presents  probably the hardest question for a software designer: How can I design software that meets the user with functionality at exactly the right moment in their customer journey? This remains one of the biggest challenges for me personally: when you’re working on an app for more than a decade, the temptation can arise to complicate things â€" and potentially  overcomplicate them. Advanced Mode isnt the answer One thing I do know is that software with different modes or states, like the “Advanced” or “Editing Mode” that you find in some apps, are not the answer. In my previous job, I had to help users with software systems. My first question was always: Please tell me what mode your system is in? People never knew the answer to that â€" they always needed to search for the answer at length, guided by more probing questions from me. We launched MindMeister in 2006 and haven’t stopped  perfecting our interface ever since. Weve tried it all â€" the bare bones look at the beginning to the hyper-gloss phase a few years back.   A design draft of MindMeister for iOS on iPad Of course, now, we want to make the tool as streamlined as possible, for both our web and mobile apps, and we’re going back to basics by focusing on our users’ content. 3. What is the Reward? This is one question that you need to be able to answer clearly whether you launched your product yesterday or youve been on the market for ten years. In his bestselling book Hooked, entrepreneur and design expert Nir Eyal tries to explain how some companies create products that you just can’t put down. The golden standard are of course products like Facebook, which  studies have proven our brain wants to check every 31 seconds. What is it that makes you fall in love with these products? One of the main attractions of truly “habit-forming” products, Eyal concludes, is that they reward the actions they trigger. Rewards can be anything. The only thing really required is that your user experiences a small, almost imperceptible boost of satisfaction. Imagine the feeling you get when you finish assembling a piece of IKEA furniture. For example, Eyal  points out that LinkedIn provides users with reward when they input more details about themselves into the professional networking platform. A graphic pops up that illustrates how close to complete your profile is, building incentive in users to finish what they’ve started. When you’ve provided enough information, LinkedIn lets you know that your profile has reached “All-Star” status. Eyal says that the graphic increases the likelihood of users opening a premium account and thus launching into the investment phase.   Knowing your products reward will allow you to reduce the time your user needs to get that very first boost and reducing your time to wow will increase the likelihood of bringing the user back a second time. 4. Are You Future Proof? Finally, theres the question: How will we survive the onslaught of new technologies that launch every day? Augmented reality, virtual reality, artificial intelligence (the list goes on …) will change how users interact with content: they’ll be able to verbally access information (no more UI required!) and experience it in 3D (UI everywhere around you!). One main difference will be that the workspace will include the entire field of vision rather than a 24-inch slice of it. But that will probably be compensated partly by the fact that hand gestures aren’t as granular as the pointer of a mouse. MeisterTasks Project Dashboard And at the same time, the fundamentals will remain. We follow the 98 percent rule â€" in any productivity tool, about 98 percent of the UI should be reserved for the user’s content. This principle is at the core of MindMeister and will be even more so in our upcoming redesign   as well as the design of our second product, MeisterTask. In both cases, stuffing the entire field of vision with possible action buttons will be just as confusing as offering a nine-tab ribbon with 25 clickable items per tab. The more things change, the more they stay the same. Discover intuitive task management Sign-Up Save 30% Free to try Sign-Up Save 30%

Emerging Technology in Business Free Essay Example, 2000 words

Planning is of utmost importance for a business that plans for alignment. It ensures that before undertaking any activity, the proper analysis is done to ensure that strengths, opportunities weaknesses and threats to a successful alignment project are identified in the beginning. This facilitates the identification of possible stumbling blocks that could hinder success. It also helps managers to asses the possibility of a successful alignment. According to Linda McHugh, Almost every company has some sort of formal planning process whose activities can be easily modified to enhance alignment and create an environment conducive to ongoing collaboration . The planning phase should be flexible in order to allow fine tuning of ideas to improve on the original idea. Rigidity in the planning process in most cases will lead to a project that does not accommodate the changing needs of consumers and technology advancement. It may eventually lead to alignment with obsolete technology. It is im portant for managers in the planning process to conduct the investigation into the possible impact of alignment. Those who have a role to play in the business, employees and consumers of the product together with suppliers of raw materials need to be considered in the planning process. We will write a custom essay sample on Emerging Technology in Business or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now It is important to consider the attitude of the employees towards alignment. If alignment creates a more conducive environment for them to work, then it might be perceived that alignment will bring positive changes in the business. However, if it tends to create unfavorable conditions for employees, it might not serve the purpose. With this knowledge acquired in the planning process, the managers will have an opportunity to make the necessary amendment in order to suite the business to achieve the desired output. Managers also need to explore the acceptability of the product to the destined consumers. In any business enterprise, the commodity to be produced for the market highly depends on consumer preferences.

The Relationships in Business in China Free Essay Example, 2500 words

The research in this study seeks to establish the various dynamics of the guanxi business strategy and how it can be implemented with ease and provide the various advantages thereof. The objective of the research in this proposal are; 1. To determine the advantages of using guanxi business strategy for a business venture in the world 2. To evaluate the reason why people are motivated to transfer their individual guanxi into the business and in doing business in the different people in China and beyond 3. To determine the factors that make guanxi business strategy to be presentable to the people in China and beyond 4. To discover the different other business strategies which are applicable to the people in different environments in the world Significance of the Research In order to discover the different circumstances in the market, there is a need to carry out research that to give empirical information and reliable information about it. Through the proposed research, people will be able to have a valid explanation for the different business strategies that are applicable and which are used by the people in different parts of the world. We will write a custom essay sample on The Relationships in Business in China or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page The strategy of study is based on the different ways of relating that characterize Chinese society that is formed into families that determine the various areas of interaction of people.

People s Republic Of China Under Mao - 2151 Words

People’s Republic of China under Mao The Great Leap Forward was a program designed as an economic stimulus model heavily focused on industry. Under this economic program, individual agricultural areas were merged into larger people’s communities and many of the peasants were ordered to work on enormous infrastructure projects and on the manufacture of iron and steel. Most privatization was banned; personal wealth was confiscated while livestock and farm implements were brought under collective ownership. Under the Great Leap Forward, Mao mandated the employment of a variety of unproven and unscientific new agricultural techniques to boost production. However, due to the diversion of labor to other areas such as steel and infrastructure, China saw a 15% drop in grain production in 1959 followed by a 10% decline in 1960 and no recovery in 1961 . In order to meet government-mandated quotas, many state and local officials exaggerated their respective grain production numbers. Based upon these overstated numbers, party officers had to order a disproportionately high amount of the true harvest for state consumption, primarily in the cities and urban areas but also for export. As a result, peasants in rural communities were left with little food for themselves and from 1959-62, as many as 30 million people starved to death in the infamous famine known as the â€Å"Great Chinese Famine†. Furthermore, children who became malnourished during years of hardship and struggle for survivalShow MoreRelatedChin Torn Apart Or Mended By The Rule Of Zedong1452 Words   |  6 PagesChina: Torn Apart Or Mended By The Rule Of Mao Zedong There is controversy whether the rule of Mao Zedong was beneficial or destructive, though by looking into the depths of history the answer is revealed. As Mao Zedong took control over China on October 1, 1949, he immediately installed many reformations to China’s economy, culture, and government. 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When he became China’s leader in 1949 he wanted to change china entirely. More specifically, when it came to economy Mao wanted to create an equal standard of living for the chinese people and wanted to be a completely self sufficient country. Unfortunately towards the end of his leadership nearly millions of people had died from starvation and his strive for progression was a complete failureRead MoreMao Zedong : A Communist Dictator Responsible For The Death Of Millions1505 Words   |  7 Pages When people hear the name â€Å"Mao Zedong†, they immediately think of a stubby communist dictator responsible for the death of millions. Although many of his reforms failed and millions died, many argue that he his â€Å"good† outweigh his â€Å"bad†. He saved the ailing nation of China, molding it to the nation it is today. Mao Zedong was born on December 26, 1893 to a relatively wealthy farmer in the small village of Shaoshan, Hunan. 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These countries that were governed on communist principles were known as the ‘Eastern Bloc’. Even countries in Asia were persuaded into the theoretically human equality system such as China, Laos and Vietnam. Communism was gathering strength to strength every year in the mid 20th century, but eventually its impact was wiped off in the late 20th century w hen the Berlin War was knocked down in 1989, ending the barrier between the EasternRead MoreCultural Revolution And Its Effects On Chinese Economic And Development1457 Words   |  6 Pagesrefers to a political movement that leads by Mao Zedong during May 1966 to October 1976. The original intention for Cultural Revolution is to prevent the restoration of capitalism. Mao want to clean the force who block the development. However, because of the failure leadership, this movement goes to a wrong way and become out of control. 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East-West Analysis free essay sample

The film East-West is set in Soviet Russia and follows the story of Alexei, Marie and their son Sergei who are invited back to â€Å"the motherland† by Joseph Stalin after WWII. Upon their arrival in Kiev, Marie’s French passport is destroyed and all of the emigres are either killed or sent to Concentration camps as punishment for desertion during the war. Alexei, Marie and their son Sergei were spared, given Alexei’s value to the government as a doctor. Alexei, with the help of a French actress, Gabrielle, finds a way to free Marie by sending her to the French Embassy in Bulgaria with her reinstated passport, where she barely escapes after being pursued by guards at the checkpoint. Tension is the force that drives drama, but is the most difficult element to comprehend as it at times cannot be seen or touched. Dramatic tension can be created with tension tools such as: silence, music, gestures and slow motion. The extract from ‘East-West’, ‘Alexei’s Sacrifice’ uses a variety of tension tools as Alexei’s ten year plan for the escape of his wife and son from the communist Russian stronghold finally comes to fruition. Tension builds when the Golovin family gather in preparation for their impending escape. The silent goodbyes used in this scene create an energy of significance in relation to the risky events about to unfold. The scene is executed perfectly and subtle glances and facial expressions create an air of uncertainty as to the outcome. With the situation becoming more tense, the use of silence and cinematography effects (Graph point 12-21) such as short sharp screen shots from Marie to Alexei and Alexei to Gabrielle further heightens and increases tension. Other subtle aspects of dramatic tension are explored in the scene when Sergei initiates their departure by taking Marie’s hand. The camera zooms in on their hands. This symbolises their unity in the escape and highlights how Alexei will not be a part of the planned escape. As they proceed up the stairs, the violins begin to softly play a confused and unpleasant tune which soon increases in volume as they begin to run (Graph point 23) symbolising the intensity of their escape. The fluctuating level of volume acts as an audio-representation of the level of tension in the scene and stops as they enter the car with Gabrielle. When Gabrielle presents the passport to Marie, this symbolises freedom and a reminder of a life far better than that experienced in the last ten years. This symbolism and the use of a variety of dramatic tension tools, has a striking impact on the ension of the scene. The tools and their ability to dramatically increase the level of tension are perhaps most effectively demonstrated in the climax of the scene where Marie, Gabrielle and Sergei cross the checkpoint to the French Embassy. This section begins with a camera shot of them leaving the car against the backdrop of the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral (Graph point 32). This Western Eur opean cathedral acts as a symbol of their ultimate goal; to escape from the communist east, to the west. This shows a powerful use of symbolism and camera angles to subtly increase the levels of tension. This beginning tension is then built upon as they cross the checkpoint where the guard almost discovers Marie’s true identity in the form of her passport. Slow motion and total silence is used to further increase the sense of tension. The guard’s facial expression of suspicion and confusion increases the tension as he follows their movement. As Marie looks back, she shows that she is unsure of her new identity and this action then prompts the guard to call out to her which results in a peak in the level of tension (Graph point 39). The silence is then broken and the staccato playing of the violins follows (Graph point 40) as they are chased until the music changes into a melody as they enter the French embassy – a symbol of freedom. This use of sound, silence, slow motion, strong symbols and camera angles make the tension of the climax truly sensational and captures the essence of the tension in their escape. Overall, the scene used a wide range of tension tools to create a convincing and consistent sense of dramatic tension throughout the extract. However, in certain sections of the scene, devices did little or nothing to add to the overall tension such as the use of the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral as a symbol. The majority of viewers may not recognise the significance of this symbol, thereby doing very little to raise the tension. Conversely, there are a selection of tension tools that are placed very well so they integrate with the progression of the scene. This is shown by the violins that begin playing when Sergei and Marie begin running. The violins start very softly so the viewer does not consciously register their playing and then is slowly amplified as the tension escalates. The melody indicates the intense nature of escape until it fades away without the viewer’s realisation when they enter the car. Like this, many other tension tools are used surreptitiously so that they increase the tension without the viewer even realising. It is this quality that defines the difference between poor dramatic tension and dramatic tension applied skilfully. This shows how the clever and powerful application of various forms of dramatic tension such as symbolism can transform an ordinary scene to one that will captivate an audience.

Aurelius, Marcus. The Meditations

Introduction People react to conflicts and crisis in disparate means with some being too radical whilst others stand out as opportunists. The ability to react to and solve predicaments in the right way is a fundamental element of determining a good ruler who is leading his or her subjects in an admirable way. Knowing the different techniques of addressing the challenges facing the human race is essential for human survival and one must strive to have such information.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Aurelius, Marcus. The Meditations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The following are some of the issues that Marcus Aurelius attempted to address as he wrote Meditations, which is a set of his personal view on how he presumed life should be lived. How do the classics help when one or a country is witnessing predicaments, and does the intelligence of the poets, philosophers as well as rulers relevant in such t imes? In 1915, Robert Graves utilized the knowledge he got from poets to fight in an ongoing war. In 1991, Anthony Swofford, a US marine official, successfully used the principles of Homer and Camus during the Gulf War. However, most readers including Frederick the Great assert that one of the best sources of instruction and moderation is Marcus Aurelius’s Meditations. This assertion is evident in the way Marcus has displayed his loosely structured set of opinions linked with stoic philosophy. Meditations by Marcus Aurelius Born on April 26, A.D. 121, Marcus Aurelius Antoninus was an emperor of Rome that ruled the Roman Empire for two decades. He was a nephew as well as the son-in law of Antonius Pius and came from a noble family, which was very religious, which is an indication why his ruling was virtuous. Marcus lost his parents at a young age and he was later adopted by his grandfather, Annius Verus. Throughout his childhood, he was coached to dress plainly and restrain fr om luxurious lifestyle. Moreover, he participated in activities such as wrestling and hunting that nurtured his body to become robust. His hardiness was evident in the way he was fascinated with meeting vicious boars. Marcus inherited the throne after the demise of Antoninus Pius in 161 and allied with L. Ceoinius Commodus, a man who had been adopted by Pius at a young age. They worked together in administrating the empire. However, soon after Marcus had assumed the throne, a stream of war plagued Rome (Van Ackeren 112). The aftermath of the war was an epidemic that was accompanied with starvation, which was caused by floods that had damaged huge quantities of crops. Marcus applied every means possible including selling the regal ornaments to collect money that could combat the crisis. Eventually, the Roman Empire under his leadership eliminated barbarian communities, and reestablished the stability of Rome. Being the commander-in-chief, he was a shrewd as he appointed effective lie utenants (Sellars 84).Advertising Looking for research paper on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Marcus was not only faced with war predicaments, but also domestic problems. His wife, Faustina, bore him children that he loved dearly. All his children died except Commodus who was viewed as puny, as well as insignificant by the subjects. After the demise of Marcus, he assumed the leadership of the Empire despite the immense resentment. The subjects complained that his leadership was oppressive and brutal. It is essential to have such knowledge even as one understands the contents of Marcus’ book- Meditations (Fein 36-37). In Meditations, Marcus spent a little time and space in addressing the issue of war. However, it is evident that he spent a lot of time in his two decades of governance in prevalent battles. There are passages in his book that prove this assertion and suggest that he was familiar with the battleground. In the book, he asks if one has ever witnessed a hand, foot, or a head cut from the other parts of the body and lying miles away. He asserts that that is what people do to themselves when they attempt to ignore what goes on in their lives or when they do something that is considered narcissistic (Sellars 88). It is certain that, as a fighter, Marcus had the ability to administrate prudently as well as meticulously. He strived to imitate the previous rulers, but always made sure that he abstained from corruption and performed all his duties accountably and responsibly. However, it would amount to bias for one to conclude that he was a perfect leader as he was erroneous in particular scenarios. For instance, he introduced a compeer in Rome similar to that in Verus, an extremely risky innovation for people feared that it would cause obliteration. Some years later, the fears came into reality when Diocletian caused the Roman Empire to disintegrate because of the innova tion. He also gaffed in his governance because it was too centralized despite being impartial. He established charitable foundations to cater for his deprived citizens and regions that were vulnerable to calamities. However, one notable fact was his reluctant approach towards Christians (Talbot 63-66). During his administration, several incidents of devotion resulted to death of many believers. It is also unwise to argue that the atrocities on Christian martyrs occurred without his knowledge, and if that is true, then he failed in administering his duties as an emperor. However, irrespective of these errors, Marcus is still undoubtedly among the best rulers of the Roman Empire and is admired by many. Though he ruled during hard times for the Roman Empire, he was meek, shrewd, and humble. â€Å"Meditations† stands out as evidence that he had little interest with issues such as personal fame, but rather he was a knowledgeable man with a considerate soul (Sellars 46).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Aurelius, Marcus. The Meditations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More â€Å"Meditations† is a collection of short stories that have been composed in twelve disparate books. The writings appear in a way that some are in short paragraphs whilst others carry only single lines. Marcus begins his writing by sharing the knowledge he got from his relatives, tutors, as well as allies. He mentions his grandfather, the good relationship he had with him, and the virtues he taught him. The book is difficult to visualize as a material that can be used by conflicting forces. Some of the contents support the hand-to-hand warfare that most lieutenants discourage. He states that weapons should be laid down and encourages soldiers to clench their fists and fight. Although Marcus is not precise in his writing, he shares a notable advice on pain-management by stating that no one experiences anythi ng that s/he cannot tolerate. He also advises non-combatants who are disheartened by carnages that the solution to such problems is to count on their blessings (Fein 36-37). The doctrine of stoicism is also prevalent in the book, a philosophy that he was deeply fascinated in and applied in his solving daily challenges in life. The Roman Empire had two competing schools that employed two disparate doctrines, viz. Stoicism and Epicureanism. Stoicism asserts that virtue alone can cause contentment as well as peace of mind. Virtue in this case consists of obedience to the top authority and everything that it provides, in mastery that surpasses the human race’s animal nature, in liberation from every perturbation, as well as in the whole autonomy of the Inner Self. As a resolute follower of the philosophy, Marcus strived to live according to the virtue that the creed suggested. He writes Meditations to share all the knowledge he learned throughout his lifetime, thus making the boo k a good source that people can reflect on when making various decisions about life (Van Ackeren 119). Marcus states that as a human being, there is imperfection, intermittent missteps, and faults; however, these elements do not prevent one from pursuing the upright path. Most of his views that he offers in the book are extensive and rational.Advertising Looking for research paper on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Most of his passages attempt to address the triviality of man (Fein 36-37). â€Å"Meditations† is a succession of devout exercises and the extent to which the book can relieve a reader relies on the individual’s belief in human progress. Marcus categorically states that people normally have similar behaviors and problems from generation to generation, for example, marrying, falling ill, as well as fighting. According to Marcus, nothing novel is introduced in any of these generations and man can do nothing to alter this fact. Marcus states that life is not good and compares it to a rotting meat. However, he argues that if an individual can accept every challenge then one can easily become happy. Another persistent theme in the book is the issue of mortality – everything that is alive will soon experience death. Marcus states that death is a natural practice just as sex. Irrespective of the position one holds here on earth, everyone will soon become history. Marcu s asks why people lament the demise of a loved one whilst life is so insignificant and somnolent (Vernezze 91). He therefore encourages his readers to face death with joy because it relieves those who depart from numerous depressions of the world. He states that whatever is of great significance is ones spirit and not the body. Marcus also uses Meditations to advise his readers to ensure that everything they do let it appear as if it were the last thing they were to participate in before they died. He argues that people commit injustice by being idle. In everything an individual does, his or her main intention should always be to improve (Van Ackeren120). Moreover, one should refrain from arrogance and avoid getting irritated with individuals who are imprudent and of little importance. He advises people to strive in achieving modesty, piousness, honesty, and cooperate with others in accomplishing various activities in the society (Vernezze 75). For those who might find it hard it to get out of their beds, they should note that what completes them as human beings is working in unity with other people. Furthermore, he reminds those who are prone to fleeing when their fellow neighbors hurt them to acknowledge that one can always flee any minute he or she desires as long as he or she is to the back roads of him/herself. According to Marcus, everything that exists on the surface of the earth plays a particular role. Man’s role as a creature that thinks is to free his memory from debris and delusions. He asserts that the applause of peers and posterity are all delusions that one must refrain from in the journey of life. He argues that doing things for commemoration is as insignificant as seeking popularity, and thus every individual must be ready to live with their minuscule abilities (Fein 36-37). The main intent of Marcus book is to teach his readers how to endure challenges. Even though the theme of endurance if prevalent in the book, Marcus also advises h is readers on how they can enjoy life. He states despite the delights of the flesh are meager sensation; sometimes people should part with their books and participate in leisure activities such as â€Å"pretty singing†. It is vividly evident that most of the ideas that Marcus shares in Meditations are a direct reflection of the life he lived before and during his reign as a Roman Emperor (Talbot 63-66). Conclusion Clearly, â€Å"Meditations† is a book that almost every individual can use as a manual for solving the challenges that appear in life. However, some of Marcus’ thoughts are eccentric hence revealing the weak side of the book. For instance, he argues that evil causes more danger on the perpetrator than on the victim. This assertion is not true in cases such as assassination, rape, or slavery. Furthermore, the assertion that evils committed because of lust are more dangerous than those committed due to anger is erroneous. It is better for a man to commit infidelity with a neighbor’s wife than murdering her. Some of the passages also sound as a New Year’s resolution whilst others call for readers to leap their thoughts; for instance, when he states, â€Å"don’t gussy your imagination†- very few readers can comprehend the message. Some who have read the book admit that it is an impregnable wintry kingdom because it informs one of the worst and once an individual has such information, he or she will rarely get surprised on such issues. Nonetheless, for those who need some advice in life, it is time they became acquainted with Meditations by Marcus Aurelius. Works Cited Fein, Michael. â€Å"Meditations.† Library Journal 135.15 (2010): 36-37. Print. Sellars, John. Stoicism. California: University of California Press, 2006. Print. Talbot, John. â€Å"Unpruned meditations.† New Criterion 28.8 (2010): 63-66. Print. Van Ackeren, Marcel. A Companion to Marcus Aurelius. Massachusetts, MA: John Wiley Sons, 2012. Print. Vernezze, Peter. Don’t Worry, Be Stoic: Ancient Wisdom For Troubled Times.  Maryland: University Press of America, 2004. Print. This research paper on Aurelius, Marcus. The Meditations was written and submitted by user Ronnie A. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Commonly Confused Wait and Weight

The Commonly Confused Wait and Weight The words wait and weight are homophones: they sound alike but have different meanings. The verb wait means to stay in place until something else happens. As a noun, wait refers to the time spent waiting. The verb weight means to load down or make heavier. The noun weight refers to a measure of heaviness or to an object used to hold something down. Examples You cant wait for inspiration; you have to go after it with a club. (Jack London)After a long wait for luggage, I took a cab to my hotel.Any object is dragged down when a heavy weight is tied to it. Practice (a) Every year, people make resolutions to exercise and lose _____.(b) I couldnt _____ for success, so I went ahead without it.(c) One end of the belt was attached to a five-pound _____.(d) The _____ was agonizing, and our thirst became almost unbearable. Answers (a) Every year, people make resolutions to exercise and lose  weight.(b) I couldnt  wait  for success, so I went ahead without it.(c) One end of the belt was attached to a five-pound  weight.(d) The  wait  was agonizing, and our thirst became almost unbearable. Glossary of Usage: Index of Commonly Confused Words

Analyse different representations of Australian colonial history, and Essay

Analyse different representations of Australian colonial history, and of the suffering of Aboriginal people - Essay Example I would agree that these are admirable goals. However this is still not enough in my view. I don’t see a definition of â€Å"Reconciliation† in either speech. Actually I don’t think it can be precisely defined in this context. However, I would argue that a degree of Reconciliation is achieved when (1) both societies are economically viable and one is not excessively dependent on the other, for example for welfare benefits and medical assistance for societal problems such as alcohol and drug abuse, (2) members of one society can move into the other if they chose, feel comfortable and prosper as long as they respect cultural differences, (3) while major criminal and civil laws must be universal, those that relate only to local community customs should be allowed some variance. For example if it is acceptable in aboriginal culture to go nude in public they should be allowed to do so within their communities and this should be accepted by visitors and (4) both societ ies actually but also perceive that they benefit both economically and psychologically by remaining in a unified Australia in spite of required compromises and accommodations.

Article Critique Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Critique - Article Example Relationship marketing is described as the model of creating and retaining customers in a business. Developing strong value and retaining customers are important strategies that markets employ in the modern competitive business environment (Trasorras, Weinstein, & Abratt, 2009). Perhaps one of the most disturbing issues is that some businesses experience cases of customers defecting from them even when they think that their services and products were best offered out. This is the issue that Relationship marketing tries to explain. Positive customer relationships are well maintained through different methods that businesses choose to invest in (Eriksson & Soderberg, 2010). Some of the methods that have proved successful include the use of incentives like customer clubs. In this method, businesses create social forums where customers can be meeting frequently and sharing ideas with the business’ stakeholders on areas that need general improvement. Customers are also able to shar e their views on the kinds of products offered and give inputs towards further developments. Erickson explains in his paper that the intersubjective approach to customer relationships means that the â€Å"self† of the business and others, who are customers in this case are usually inseparable. In this approach a business is able to put the customer are the core of their business. A customer based approach to marketing is thus the system adopted in marketing where inputs from clients are highly adhered to and respected. Customers are meant to have confident in the services offered by the business, in this case, they should be easily approached for feedback. Customers who experience maximum utility in service delivery are loyal to the business and can trade with it for a long time. Should be the duty of management in this case? Managers are meant to study into issues that need to be adopted in order to create and retain customer’s

Threat Analysis and Risk assessment

Threat Analysis and Risk assessment Case articulation Staysure.co.uk Ltd specialises in insurance and financial services in the UK and Europe. It was formed in 2004 to provide travel insurance and expanded further to provide home, motor, health and life insurance along with some insurance products. In October 2013 Staysure.co.uk faced a security breach wherein over 100,00 live credit card details along with other personal details of the customers were compromised. This security breach affected 7% of the customers who had purchased insurance from Staysure before May 2012. Before May 2012 the firm stored the card numbers of the customers along with the CVV numbers and other personal details like customer name and addresses. The card details were encrypted but the CVV numbers were fed as plain text into the database even though the card security details should not have been stored at all according to the industry rules. The chief executive of the company said that these details were stored in the system to help customers in their renewal process. After May 2012 the company ceased storing these details. The server on which the website server was based had a software vulnerability and even though a software patch was published in 2010 and 2013 the data controller failed to update software both the times due to lack of formal process to review and apply software updates. The failure to update the database software and the security flaws in the IT security system made the company very vulnerable to a cyber-attack. The security flaws in the companys JBoss Application web server were exploited between 14th and 28th October 2013. The attacker used the vulnerability in the application server to inject a malicious JavaScript code called JSPSpy on the firms website. JSPSpy enabled the attackers to remotely view and modify the source code of the website and query the database containing the details of the customers. It also let the attackers open a command shell allowing them to remotely execute privileged operating system commands. The attackers specifically targeted and downloaded the payment card details. Even though the card numbers were encrypted the attackers were able to identify the keys used in the encryption and hence could decrypt the card numbers. At the time of the attack the database contained a total of 110,096 live card details, which were at a risk of being accessed and used in fraudulent transactions. The firm became aware of the attack on 14th November 2013 and immediately hired in dependent forensic data experts and wrote to 93,389 affected customers, to make them aware of the attack. The company also offered the affected customers free access to Data Patrol, which is an identity fraud monitoring service. After the attack Staysure was fined with an amount of  £175,00 by the   ICO since the company did not comply to the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) , which is a standard administered by PCI Security Standards Council (PCI SSC) to increase payment card security and decrease the transaction frauds over the internet. References: http://www.itgovernance.co.uk/blog/staysure-fails-to-comply-with-the-pci-dss-and-is-fined-175000-by-the-ico/ http://www.insurancetimes.co.uk/broker-fined-175000-by-information-watchdog-after-cyber-criminals-raid-customer-records/1411917.article http://securityaffairs.co/wordpress/21002/cyber-crime/staysure-hacked.html https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/news-and-events/news-and-blogs/2015/02/ico-fines-insurance-firm-after-hacked-card-details-used-for-fraud/ http://www.insuranceage.co.uk/insurance-age/news/2396976/staysure-fined-gbp175k-for-it-security-failings http://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/2321017/staysure-travel-insurer-admits-to-credit-card-theft http://trainsure.com/news-posts/insurance-times-reports-another-cyber-attack/ http://www.moneywise.co.uk/news/2014-01-06/staysure-insurance-customer-data-stolen-hackers http://www.computerworlduk.com/it-vendors/travel-insurer-reveals-almost-100000-customer-details-in-cyber-attack-3495625/ Threat Analysis and Risk assessment The purpose of threat analysis and risk assessment is to maximize the protection of the three main pillars of security namely confidentiality, Integrity and Accessibility while still providing usability and functionality. A Risk to any organization or an individual is an interactive relationship of threat, asset and vulnerability. The various levels of risk can be represented as the product of the impact and probability (likelihood). Quantitative Measure Qualitattive Measure Description 5 High A high level risk can occur frequently and can have a drastic effect on the organization. Sever measures will be needed in order to mitigate a high level risk. 4 Medium High A medium high risk can occur/recur with high probability but might not persist. If it occurs the organization can have a significant or sever effect. 3 Medium A medium level risk is likely to occur   under many circumstances and if a medium level attack occurs it can have moderate to severe effects on the organization. 2 Low Medium A low medium risk can be considered when the organization will have a minor or moderate impact as a result of an attack. A low medium risk can occur occasionally or might not occur at all and can be mitigated easily. 1 Low The risk is considered to be low when the likelihood of an attack on an entity is low and the impact of the attack on the entity is negligible or minor. Low risks will never or rarely happen and can be mitigated easily. Table 1: Risk Rating Scale Figure1. Figure 1 shows a risk matrix which represents the various levels of risk. A vulnerability is a weakness in the system that can be exploited by an attacker or can be unintentionally triggered by a person within the organization. The likelihood is the possibility that any vulnerability will be taken advantage of or the vulnerability will be triggered by someone unintentionally. The likelihood is related to attackers intent, attackers ability and attackers target. If a certain vulnerability is exploited the impact on an organization can be expressed in terms like Negligible, Minor, Moderate, Significant, Severe. The table below shows a risk assessment architecture for Staysure.co.uk. The Firm had several security flaws in the system, which the attackers exploited to gain access to customer information. Asset Threat Vulnerability Threat Actor Threat vector Consequences Likeli hood Impact Risk Customer Personal details Can be assessed and manipulated The database had no security procedure in place hence the data was highly accessible. Hackers or a person within the organization (insider). Gaining access to the database by getting access to the webserver or SQL injections. Personal   details of the employees like name, address, phone can be accessed and used or even modified. Possible (3/5) Significant (4/5) Medium High Company website Source code of the website can be modified and malicious code can be injected and made to run on the browser (Cross site scripting). Cross site scripting can be performed on the website if security measures are not taken care of while developing the website. Hackers or an insider. Web pages Malicious code can be injected into the web pages thus allowing access to the web server and the database. Very Likely (5/5) Severe   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   (5/5) High Data controllers system No intrusion detection system. A system with no proper security measures can be easily penetrated. Hackers or an insider trying to get unauthorized access. Backdoor created in the web server. Getting access to the data controllers system enables the threat actor to execute Privileged operating system commands Very likely (5/5) Severe (5/5) High Financial card details Storing financial data incorrectly. Unencrypted card details stored in the database Hackers or an insider trying to get unauthorized access. Web site source code can be used to query the database Card details can be used to make fraudulent transaction and cloning. Very likely (5/5) Severe (5/5) High Encryption key Encryption algorithms   can be used to calculate the encryption key Simple encryption algorithm used to form an encryption key. Hackers or an insider. Reverse engineering. If the encryption key is compromised all the encrypted data can be decrypted. Possible (3/5) Severe (5/5) Medium High CVV number Storing CVV numbers in the database is a high risk. CVV numbers if not encrypted can be easily read if the attacker gets access to the database. Hackers or an insider. Web site source code can be used to query the database for CVV numbers. CVV numbers can be used to prove authentication while doing online transactions. Very likely (5/5) Severe (5/5) High JBoss Application Server Unpatched and out of date softwares and no intrusion detection system Scripts can be uploaded to the server which when executed gives remote administration access to the server. Hackers or an unauthorised insider. Backdoors created on the server via malicious script. Once administration access is acquired on the server various admin activities can be initiated and the hosted web servers can be accessed. Likely (4/5) Severe (5/5) High Database Database injections and unmanaged data The data in the database can highly vulnerable to SQL injections and can be highly inconsistent. Hackers SQL injections Data can be erased and stolen from the database and used in a fraudulent manner. Likely (4/5) Severe (5/5) High https://www.towergateinsurance.co.uk/liability-insurance/smes-and-cyber-attacks remove later http://resources.infosecinstitute.com/how-to-prevent-cross-site-scripting-attacks/ remove later Security Architecture Figure: 2 Figure 2 shows security architecture for Staysure during the time of the attack Security Recommendations Staysure.co.uk had no security policies in place which can be sited as the base for the cyber-attack. Being an insurance company and holding personal records of millions of customers the company should have had security procedures in place. It is important that the employees of a company are trained and made aware of the importance of information data security. The fact that the attackers took advantage of the software vulnerability in the JBoss application server even though there were patches available to fix the vulnerabilities shows the ignorance of the data controller towards information security. Table 2 lists security recommendations which would have prevented the attack. Security Recommendations Descriptions Security policies Security policies is an integral part of any organization. Staysure being an insurance company and handling millions of customer records should have had strict company security policies which could have prevented the attack. Security training and awareness The employees of Staysure were clearly not aware of the importance of data security and management. The employees should have been provided good data security and data management training and made aware of information security. Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) add appendix When an organization handles personal records of customers it is necessary that the organization follows certain industry standards for data storage. According to PCI DSS the CVV numbers should not have been stored in the database. If the standards were followed the attack would not have a major impact. Data storage and data security Data storage has both physical and logical security aspects.   The logical aspect being data authorization, authentication and encryption. The physical aspects include the place in which the servers are placed, it should be safe from heat-waves, power fluctuations and other physical elements. In case of Staysure the payment card details and the CVV numbers should have been encrypted with a strong encryption algorithm from the very beginning and the database server should have had an intrusion detection and prevention system which would have prevented access to the database. Patch management Unpatched systems and softwares pose a big threat to an organization. The most efficient way to shield from attacks is to have patch management procedure to make sure that all the systems and softwares are patched on regular basis. If Staysure had patched the vulnerabilities in the Jboss application server and software, the attackers would not have been able to exploit the vulnerability. DMZ (Demilitarized Zone) The servers that are faced towards the public should be kept in the DMZ, so that they can be separated from the private network. If a malicious party gains access to the server, he will be isolated in the DMZ and will not be able to attack the private network. If Staysure had a DMZ the attackers would not be able to access data on the private network. Encryption Encrypting any valuable information of customers is necessary in order to protect customer data from being accessible and using a strong encryption key is vital to serve the purpose of encryption. The data controller should have had made sure to encrypt the CVV and the card number and should have used a strong encryption key. IDS Staysure should have had Intrusion detection systems   so that the intrusion by the attacker could have been detected and would alert the authorities thus preventing high impact Firewalls Prevention of human errors http://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/SSTFWG_4.3.1/com.ibm.tivoli.itcm.doc/CMPMmst20.htm patch management policy. High level security diagram to prevent attacks

A Child Called IT Essay -- essays research papers

A Child Called IT What did I learn from this book? The only thing that comes to mind when I'm asked that question is pain. I didn't know what real pain was until I tried to understand what this child went through. Everything that meant anything to him, his family, those who should be the closest, was drowned out. He didn't know what to think and so often in the world today, we are naive. We don't have a clue of how life could be, and of how lucky we truly are to have the kinds of backgrounds that we were blessed with. On a more professional note, I learned that this type of obsession can take over one's life until they don't know what is real anymore. All they have in their mind is their uncontrolled illusion. It is really hard to not get angry at these people. One must realize that they...

Engineering Hours Accounting System Essay

Introduction Avitronics is a medium sized engineering company that produces components for the aerospace industry. Employees keep track of the hours they work on different projects and at the end of the week turn in a timecard with this information on it. The company can take up to roughly 12 contracts a year; each of these contracts is assigned a ‘Job-Code’. The Current System At present each employee keeps track of their hours using their own system. This could be as informal as a rough tally on a scrap of paper. At the end of the week, the employees fill their hours into a formal timecard, which is handed in and tallied by a clerk. Objectives of The New System Mr. Salomon (the chief accountant) would like a system with data entry forms so that each employee can input their own hours into the system at the end of each week. He would like to have pull-down menus for the job-codes, so that clumsy engineers entering complicated codes do not make mistakes. Hours should be rounded to the nearest quarter-hour. Data entry should be quick and simple. Each individual employee should not be able to see the hours worked by everyone else. The information should be sent to a database from Mr. Salomon can produce reports. He wants to be able to get a report that shows how many hours each employee works each week (these should be sorted by employee number). Mr. Salomon would also like to have a graphical report, which shows the total number of hours worked each week against each contract. He would like to start a fresh new system at the start of each year. Mr. Salomon would also like an easy to understand user guide, which should include complete instructions for a novice, using no jargon. Performance Indicators My solution will have to: * Prevent all employees seeing other employees’ hours. * Be simple to use, and not waste employees’ time. * Prevent errors wherever possible by using validation and combo-boxes. * Allow Mr. Salomon to create reports (with graphs) from entered data. * Include a template for Mr. Salomon to reset the system at the start of the year. * Provide Mr. Salomon with a User Guide designed to assist novice users when they are using the solution. * Accurately calculate the total hours for each employee per week, accurate to each quarter hour. Accurately calculate the number of hours worked on each contract per week, accurate to each quarter-hour. If all of these criteria are met then my solution will be successful. Design Choice of Software A Spreadsheet is the best solution to the problem because I can use the software well already and I know how to solve the problem using this software. I have chosen to use Microsoft Excel because it is the most common piece of spreadsheet software in general use. I could use an equivalent spreadsheet package from a different company, but this may not be compatible with Mr. Salomon’s computer. Features of Excel that make it ideal for solving the problem: * Ability to create a blank template * Pivot tables to create sophisticated reports with graphs * Formatting to help make it clear to the user where to enter data * Macros to automate various functions * Macros which will execute automatically on opening and closing workbooks * Validation and Protection of cells to prevent tampering and errors Systems Overview My system will be based on one workbook, with three sheets (excluding reports). The Hours Entry sheet will be the main input form, where employees will enter the hours they have worked, on what days and on which contract. The Admin Options Sheet is where the Administrator changes Contract numbers and groups, he/she also sets the week beginning date. The database sheet is where reports and charts will be produced form. Detailed Design Follows on the next 6 pages†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Workbook and Sheet Discussion Hours Entry Sheet – This sheet is designed to let the employees enter their hours in a quick and simple way. It is important to keep it simple so that employees do not become disgruntled and frustrated with the system. This sheet has a simple colour scheme that distinguishes input cells from cells where input is not required. Combo boxes are used to keep certain aspects simple and to prevent mistakes. Buttons are used to execute macros that clear the sheet and transfer relevant data to the spreadsheet. As hours have to be recorded by the closest quarter-of-an-hour, I have used a ‘ceiling’ formula in the total cells to prevent mistakes being made when data is transferred to the database. Admin Options Sheet – This sheet contains any options the administrator may need to set concerning the system He/She can add/remove contracts and add/remove groups of workers. At the start of each working week He/She has to set the ‘Week Beginning date’ that is needed throughout the system, it is essential they enter this date correctly. The colour scheme for this sheet is simple, every cell is white, input cells have borders to distinguish them form non-input cells. This sheet contains two buttons that execute macros: – Protect Workbook – This macro opens up the protect workbook dialog, where the administrator can protect the whole workbook, with the exception with cells that are not ‘Locked’ (input cells). – Start New Year – This macro erases all the data in the workbook, and prepares the system for a new year. A warning box automatically pops up when this button is clicked to warn the user that they will be deleting all entered data from the previous year. This is to prevent all the data being removed accidentally. Database Sheet – This sheet contains all the data that has been transferred from the ‘Hours Entry Sheet’. It contains – Employee #, Hours Worked for each employee. – Job Code, Hours Worked for each contract. From this data, an employee report can be created, this is a report listing all the employees, and the number they have worked in a given week. From this data, a contract report can be created; this is a report listing all the contracts and the number of hours worked on them for a given week. From this data a contract graph can be created, this is a graph showing the number of hours worked for a given contract over the past month (4 weeks). These outputs will need to look professional and be suitable for their purpose. Data entry and Validation These are the fields in which data will be entered into my system: Last Name – The employee will type this in. I chose this method, as there is no reasonable alternative. Employee # – This will be typed in by the employee. I chose this method because there is no reasonable alternative. Employee number is a four-digit number. This cell will be validated so that numbers bigger than 9999 are not accepted; also text is prevented from being entered. I use this validation so that problems do not occur further on the process, when reports sorted by employee number are being produced. Group – The user will select this via a combo box this ensures no typographical errors are made when typing it in. I am choosing to use a drop down box as there are few options for the employee to choose from. Job-Code – This will be selected from a drop down box to prevent typographical errors being made. If it were a plain cell, with no validation or input aids, if an error was made it could cause unwanted consequences throughout the system. Monday – Employees enter their hours by typing the number in the correct cell. Any number they enter will later be rounded up to the nearest quarter hour, by the use of a ceiling formula. The validation on this cell will be that it has to be a number between 0 and 20. Tuesday – Employees enter their hours by typing the number in the correct cell. Any number they enter will later be rounded up to the nearest quarter hour, by the use of a ceiling formula. The validation on this cell will be that it has to be a number between 0 and 20. Wednesday – Employees enter their hours by typing the number in the correct cell. Any number they enter will later be rounded up to the nearest quarter hour, by the use of a ceiling formula. The validation on this cell will be that it has to be a number between 0 and 20. Thursday – Employees enter their hours by typing the number in the correct cell. Any number they enter will later be rounded up to the nearest quarter hour, by the use of a ceiling formula. The validation on this cell will be that it has to be a number between 0 and 20. Friday – Employees enter their hours by typing the number in the correct cell. Any number they enter will later be rounded up to the nearest quarter hour, by the use of a ceiling formula. The validation on this cell will be that it has to be a number between 0 and 20. Saturday – Employees enter their hours by typing the number in the correct cell. Any number they enter will later be rounded up to the nearest quarter hour, by the use of a ceiling formula. The validation on this cell will be that it has to be a number between 0 and 20. Sunday – Employees enter their hours by typing the number in the correct cell. Any number they enter will later be rounded up to the nearest quarter hour, by the use of a ceiling formula. The validation on this cell will be that it has to be a number between 0 and 20. User Aids to Operation User Aids to Operation that I have used are combo boxes, and buttons that execute useful macros. Combo boxes assist the user with entering data when there are only a few options to choose from. They also help prevent mistakes from being made when typing out something complicated. For example in my system, the user uses a combo-box to select a job code, if they had to type every job code in it is more than likely that every week several mistakes would be made. By using combo-boxes I have eliminated the probability of this occurring. By using buttons that execute macros I have enabled the employees to enter their hours in a simple entry form. If I did not use macros then each individual would have to type hours into the database, this could cause a huge number of problems for the company. Protection Sheet 1, Hours Entry Sheet The following cells on this sheet will NOT be protected: C6, Last Name C5, Employee # C10:C16, Monday’s Hour Entry Cells D10:D16, Tuesday’s Hour Entry Cells E10:E16, Wednesday’s Hour Entry Cells F10:F16, Thursday’s Hour Entry Cells G10:G16, Friday’s Hour Entry Cells H10:H16, Saturday’s Hour Entry Cells I10:I16, Sunday’s Hour Entry Cells These cells will not be protected because when I protect the sheet, I want them to be ‘editable’. Eg the employees need to enter data into them. Macros Transfer_Macro – This macro will be executed from a button on the ‘Hours Entry Sheet’. The macro transfers required data from this sheet into the database. After it has transferred the data it will return the user to the ‘Hours Entry Sheet’, where they can exit the spreadsheet when they are ready. If the transfer is completed successfully then a message box will popup saying ‘Transfer Successful’. Create_Employees_Report – This macro will create a report on the employees. It will copy selected data from the database, paste it into a new sheet and format it appropriately. The report will show the employee number, last name, hours worked for each week for each employee stored in the database. Create_Contracts_Graph – This macro will use selected data from the database to create a graph showing how many hours are spent on each job code over a period of weeks. The graph will show all of the job-codes and all of the data about each job code that is stored in the database. Auto_Open – This will execute automatically when the spreadsheet is opened, it shows the ‘Hours Entry Sheet’ and clear all of the white input cells. It will select the ‘Employee #’ input box ready for the user to begin. Clear – This macro clears all of the white input cells in the ‘Hours Entry Sheet’. If the employee enters a few mistakes or realises he has entered totally wrong data, instead of having to delete every piece of data separately he/she can simply click the button that executes this macro. Protect_Workbook – This macro will be executed via a button on the ‘Admin Options’ page, this will hide all menus and the taskbar and take the user to the ‘Hours Entry Sheet’. It will also run the ‘Clear’ macro so that the ‘Hours Entry Sheet’ is always blank when it shows up. Start_New_Year – This macro erases all data from the database ready for the system to begin a new year. The employees and job codes will stay on the admin options page as it would be unreasonable to assume that all the jobs were finished at the end of the last year. Data Flow Diagram Testing Test Strategy This is what my solution is required to do, as outlined in the Performance Indicators section of the Analysis: * Prevent all employees seeing other employees’ hours. * Be simple to use, and not waste employees’ time. * Prevent errors wherever possible by using validation and combo-boxes. * Allow Mr. Salomon to create reports (with graphs) from entered data. * Include a template for Mr. Salomon to reset the system at the start of the year. * Provide Mr. Salomon with a User Guide designed to assist novice users when they are using the solution. * Accurately calculate the total hours for each employee per week, accurate to each quarter hour. Accurately calculate the number of hours worked on each contract per week, accurate to each quarter-hour. Here is an outline of the tests I will have to carry out on my spreadsheet: * Does my system open correctly? * Ensure that the Database and Admin sections are hidden from the employees. * Ease of Use, as little complications as possible. * Tests of Validation (effects of incorrect/extreme data entry) * Tests of Protection * Accurate calculation of hours * Does my spreadsheet cause problems after closing? Test Plan The following tests will be performed: Basic Function Tests: 1. Open my spreadsheet. 2. Add data as outlined in test data set 1. 3. Test the ‘Submit Hours’ button. 4. Add data as outlined in test data set 2. 5. Test the ‘Clear Form’ Button. 6. Add data as outlined in test data set 3. 7. Test the ‘Submit Hours’ button. 8. Test the ‘Exit System’ button. 9. Reopen the spreadsheet. 10. Try entering data from test data set 4. 11. Try entering data in a locked cell (eg. The cell containing the word ‘Group’ and the cell containing the word ‘Totals’). Admin Function Tests: 12. Open my spreadsheet. 13. Test ‘Admin Options’ button, enter password from test data set 5. 14. Test ‘Admin Options’ button, enter password from test data set 6. 15. Test the ‘Enter New Employee’ button. Enter the data as outlined in test data set 7. 16. Select cell ‘F19’, Test the ‘Delete Job Code’ button. 17. Select cell ‘B11’, click the ‘Delete Job Code’ button. 18. Test the ‘Enter New Job-Code’ button, enter the data as outlined in test data set 8. 19. Test the ‘Enter New Job-Code’ button. 20. Test the ‘Create Contract-Chart’ button. 21. Test the ‘Employee Report’ button. 22. Test the ‘Change System Password’ button. Enter the password as outlined in test data set 9. 23. Test the ‘Protect System’ button. 24. Test the ‘Admin Options’ button. Enter the password as outlined in test data set 6. Error massage should appear. 25. Test the ‘Admin Options’ button. Enter the password as outlined in test data set 9. 26. Test the ‘Change System Password’ button; enter the original password again as outlined in test data set 6. 27. Test the ‘Start New Year’ button. 28. Click ‘File’ then ‘Exit’ please do not save any changes to the spreadsheet. Jonathan Stamp – ICT Excel Coursework Page 1 of 17 Jonathan Stamp – ICT Excel Coursework Page 1 of 17

The Debate Of Cell Phones - 1620 Words

The Great Debate of Cell Phones Technology has advanced over the years, causing our lifestyle to change drastically and head down a new path. With these advances in technology, the cell phone appeared and has evolved throughout time. The cell phone has become a necessity to many. All ages use this mobile device for either personal or business use. Higgins states that the amount of cell phones active has increased from â€Å"one billion in 2000 to 6 billion.† Although cell phones play an important role in the lives of many, the negative possibilities could cause destruction to our society. The cell phone has transformed over the years, changing from a bulky phone to a compact device containing the capabilities of a computer. According to Russell Ware, a cell phone is â€Å"any portable telephone which uses cellular network technology to make and receive calls.† A cell phone works through a maze of cellular towers that cross the world. This connects mobile devices that allow texting and calling betwee n two cellular devices. Motorola produced the first commercially available cell phone which officially went on sale in 1984 (Ware). This cell phone was called the DynaTAC 8000x which cost an extreme amount of money and only contained a battery of 30 minutes (Ware). Since this first masterpiece, the cell phone has advanced and developed into an entirely new object. Cell phones today contain the ability to text, call, use the internet, play games, and store files (Cell Phone). Due toShow MoreRelatedThe Debate Over Cell Phones863 Words   |  4 Pagesmany arguments surrounding cell phones, its advantages, and disadvantages. The conversation occurring around this topic is texting. Texting is a form of communication by sending messages between cell phones. Texting has advantages including proof-reading words, reaching someone quicker, and record keeping. 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Therefore, the debate regarding children using cellphones whether or not has created differentRead MorePros Of Cell Phones At School755 Words   |  4 PagesCirelli, Cheryl. â€Å"Pros of cell phones in school.† Retrieved from http://cellphones.Lovetoknow.co Cheryl Cirelli’s â€Å"Pros of cell phones in school† is an excellent resource for debating in favor of cellphones in school. It offers examples and evidence to the topic of cellphones in the classroom. Cirelli explains that cellphones are not only an instant form of communication, but also a learning aid. In addition, cellphones can be used as a collaboration tool for group projects. Overall, she supports